Biology Vocabulary: Cell Organelles

General Vocab:

  1. cell membrane: protective layer around the cell that controls what substances go in and out of the cell.
  2. cell wall: helps to protect and support the cell. Made of a strong material called cellulose. Many materials can pass
    through the cell wall, including water and oxygen.
  3. cytoplasm: the region (area) between the cell membrane and the nucleus made of a gel-like fluid that is constantly moving. The organelles float in this area.
  4. nuclear envelope: a membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.
  5. nucleus: the “brain” or “control center” of the cell. The nucleus directs all of the activities in the cell.
  6. chromatin: strands of genetic material which are located in the nucleus. Chromatin are the “messages” which direct cell functions.
  7. nucleolus: a structure inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made.
  8. mitochondria: “power houses” of the cell. They convert energy from food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions. They turn food into energy.
  9. endoplasmic reticulum (ER): has passage ways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another. Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes.
  10. ribosomes: “factories” that produce protein.
  11. golgi bodies: the cell’s “mail room.” Receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic
    reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell.
  12. vacuoles: an organelle that acts as a “storage” area in the
    cell. It stores water, food, and waste.
  13. lysosome: the “clean up crew” of the cell. Small, round structures containing chemicals that break unwanted materials or dying organelles in the cell.
  14. chloroplast: found in plant cells. Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell. They contain chlorophyll, which makes leaves green.

ANIMAL CELL

Diagram of an animal cell with components lettered.
Khan Academy

PLANT CELL

Diagram of a plant cell with components labeled.
Khan Academy

Exercise:

1) Write a “check mark” for yes if the cell at the top of the column has the organelle and leave the space blank if it doesn’t

Color the animal cell (exploringnature.org)

Practice:

Crossword Fun!

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